![]() ![]() This review discusses the potential involvement of the HPA stress axis on an individual’s performance during testing and assessment. ![]() A student’s emotional state of mind is essential and may cause hyperactivation of the HPA axis during stress encountered during testing, exacerbating cortisol levels and nervous responsiveness. Stressors during testing include the method of information delivered, prior knowledge of the subject material, emotional state, or how accurately the student can retain knowledge. The hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a known responder during stress, causing an elevation of cortisol in the blood, a glucocorticoid (GC) hormone that affects sympathetic nervous responses. One is the body’s response to stress, which activates the brain to release hormones that stimulate central and peripheral nervous responses. There can be numerous physiological responses in the body that lead to test anxiety. Test anxiety may be a contributing factor to low-performing examination scores among students.
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